Clinical Pathology Testing Parameters

Semen Analysis

Purpose of Testing:

To investigate potential fertility issues. This test is often conducted if a couple is experiencing difficulty conceiving. It is also performed after a vasectomy to confirm the success of sterilization and ensure that the individual is no longer fertile.

When to Get Tested?

As recommended by a doctor when assessing fertility or verifying vasectomy success.

Sample Collection:

A semen sample is collected in a sterile container provided by the laboratory or doctor.

Test Preparation:

For reliable results, abstain from sexual activity (masturbation or intercourse) for two to four days before sample collection. Follow the specific instructions provided by your doctor or laboratory.

Stool Routine Examination

Purpose of Testing:

This test aids in diagnosing digestive tract diseases. Laboratory analysis includes chemical testing and microscopic examination to check stool color, consistency, white blood cells, occult blood, fat, and reducing substances. Additionally, the stool occult blood test is part of gastrointestinal cancer screening.

When to Get Tested?

As advised by a physician based on symptoms or as part of a gastrointestinal evaluation.

Sample Collection:

The stool sample should be collected in a sterile container provided by the laboratory.

Test Preparation:

No special preparation is required unless otherwise directed by a healthcare provider.

Urinalysis

Purpose of Testing:

To detect metabolic and kidney disorders, as well as urinary tract infections (UTIs).

When to Get Tested?

• On hospital admission
• Before surgery
• As part of a routine medical examination
• During pregnancy evaluation
• If experiencing symptoms such as abdominal or back pain, frequent or painful urination, or blood in the urine

Sample Collection:

A urine sample (20-50 mL) is collected in a sterile container. The first-morning urine sample is preferred as it is more concentrated and likely to yield accurate results.

How is the Sample Collected for Testing?

Urine can be collected at any time. However, to avoid contamination (especially in women), proper hygiene is essential:

• Men: Wipe the tip of the penis.
• Women: Spread the labia, clean from front to back.
• Begin urinating and let the first portion of urine go into the toilet, then collect the sample in the provided container.
• The sample should be delivered to the laboratory promptly. If transportation is delayed for over an hour, the sample should be refrigerated.

Is the Time of Day Important for Urine Collection?

For general screening, the time of collection is usually not critical. However, in certain cases:

• Glucose testing is best done after a meal.
• Protein testing is best performed using a first-morning urine sample.

Test Preparation:

No specific preparation is required unless instructed otherwise by a healthcare professional.